![]() ![]() See also Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States for more detailed information. If these formalities were not met, works would enter the public domain. Musical compositions published during this period were subject to various formalities. Musical compositions: Date of publicationĬurrently in the public domain in the U.S. The charts below summarize terms of protection under federal copyright law for both musical compositions and sound recordings: In other words, the separate copyrights in a single piece of music may have different terms of protection. The result? It is possible for a sound recording to be protected under federal law, even if the musical composition that is captured in that recording is in the public domain and free of copyright protection. While the goal of the Music Modernization Act was to create greater parity in the treatment of pre and post-1972 sound recordings, you’ll see below that the term of protection for musical compositions and sound recordings are structured in slightly different ways. ![]() Copyright Law was amended, adding Section 1401, to provide defined periods of protection for these pre-1972 sound recordings. Hatch-Bob Goodlatte Music Modernization Act (Music Modernization Act), U.S. Recently, through the passage of the Orrin G. ![]() Earlier sound recordings (those recordings made before February 15, 1972) were, by contrast, protected under state laws. Sound recordings began to receive federal copyright protection in 1972, with sound recordings defined to include “works that result from the fixation of a series of musical, spoken, or other sounds, but not including the sounds accompanying a motion picture or other audiovisual work…” But the federal rights given to sound recordings only applied to new works. Musical compositions have been protected under federal copyright law for some time, having been added to the list of protectable works when the copyright law was revised in 1831. When determining copyright status of music, it’s important to understand that separate copyrights may exist for musical compositions and sound recordings. ![]()
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